Raul Calado and the inception of Lisbon’s Clube Universitário de Jazz

By the late 1950s, the Hot Clube de Portugal (HCP), the only jazz club established in Portugal, suffered from inertia and its members’ high disinterest, according to HCP’s circular distributed to its members, October 27, 1958.[1]

Nevertheless, a few months before, in April 1958, another jazz club emerged in the Portuguese capital, the Clube Universitário de Jazz (‘University Jazz Club’), as an alternative to the HCP. Although it was a single action led by jazz aficionado Raul Calado, who’s HCP Board of Directors also belonged,[2] it immediately gained support from Lisbon university student’s communities.

Worth mentioning is that since early 1957, tensions between the HCP board and Calado arose due to his aspiration to open the club to new members.[3] However, that was not the intention of most of HCP’s board. On December 23, 1957, after losing the HCP’s election to Luís Villas-Boas for only one vote, Calado decided to leave HCP. Nevertheless, several months later, inspired by António Escudeiro’s idea, a university student, Calado, chooses to establish a new jazz club for Lisbon’s university students.

The designation used by Calado — Clube Universitário de Jazz—was similar to the one used in France, a few decades earlier, by one of the private listening jazz clubs, the Club Universitaire de Jazz. In this particular case, the Club Universitaire de Jazz was founded by the “two seventeen-year-old” Elwyn Dirats and Jac Auxefans before the creation of the Hot Club de France (Jordan, 2010, p. 154). Despite its short three years of existence, Lisbon’s Clube Universitário de Lisboa represented an alternative to jazz consumption in Portugal.

The Calado’s club became both a vehicle to promote jazz music among the student community and an agent for spreading political protest against the Portuguese New State regime’s colonial policies” (Cravinho, 2017, p. 222).

To understand Calado’s perception about  jazz and its symbolic meaning of resistance against Salazar’s New State regime and its colonial ideology, I decide to share his answer during one of his lectures about jazz in 1957:

‘It is common for people to ask me why I like jazz so much and how I developed such a huge interest in jazz. I shall try to give you an idea because I think it will help you understand the recordings that I will show you later.

1. First, I like it because I like it, and also because it is music, and I like music, it makes me feel good.
2. The way it is constructed, its rhythm, swing, virtuosity, instrumentation, and the things it expresses.
3. It brings me the worries of men like me whose origin is lost in the paleontological uncertainties of men that have been exploited, enslaved, misunderstood, and humiliated.
4. Men that are desperate and feel frustrated, and by having tolerated all that, they manage to keep pure and good.
5. Zealous and simple men who use jazz as a way of expressing their anxieties, and in doing so made their music universal because it became the standard language of many other men, who, having a different skin colour, know they share a common history.
6. I like jazz because I like the truth because I admire spontaneity because I love rebellion.
7. I like jazz because I love black people, because I understand the desperate ones, because it helps me in moments of hopelessness, and it adapts itself to euphoric moments.
8. But, fundamentally, and above all, I like jazz because I like it.’ (Calado, 1959, p. 11).
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Bibliography

Further reading:

Notes

1. ‘principalmente vencer a inércia e até mesmo o aparente desinteresse da sua massa associative.’ HCP’s circular distributed to
   its members on October 27, 1958. (Author’s private collection).
2. According to information existent in Lisbon’s Civil Governor Archive, in particular, the reports from the HCP Board of Directors elected in 1955, 1956 and 1957, Raul Calado was part of its board as follows: In 1955, Member of the Board, and Delegate to the Federation of Societies and Recreation; in 1956, First Secretary of the General Assembly, and Delegate to the Federation of Societies and Recreation; and in 1957, Secretary of the Board of Directors.
3. According to Luís Villas-Boas, in December 1956 the Hot Clube de Portugal had only ‘230 sócios’ (‘members’). (Baptista, 1956: